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In Europe the genus is represented by a single species, the classically named holly Ilex aquifolium, and in continental Africa by this species and Ilex mitis. Ilex canariensis, from Macaronesia, and Ilex aquifolium arose from a common ancestor in the laurel forests of the Mediterranean. Australia, isolated at an early period, has Ilex arnhemensis. Of 204 species growing in China, 149 species are endemic. A species which stands out for its economic importance in Spanish-speaking countries and in Brazil is Ilex paraguariensis or Yerba mate. Having evolved numerous species that are endemic to islands and small mountain ranges, and being highly useful plants, many hollies are now becoming rare. I keep re-living that conversation and thinking perhaps something different could have been said, perhaps I could have kept them here a little bit longer and maybe changed events." History [ edit ] First verse from an anonymous broadside published by H. Wadsworth, Birmingham, 1814–1818. Note the repetition of "the sun". Ciesla, William M. (2002). Non-wood Forest Products from Temperate Broad-leaved Trees. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. p. 13. ISBN 9789251048559. Holly is still a popular Christmas decoration among Christian cultures.
Huntley worked as a caretaker in a nearby secondary school, Soham Village College. During his time there he became engaged to Maxine Carr, who was employed as a teaching assistant in Holy and Jessica's school, forming his connection with the girls. The inquiry also severely criticised Humberside Police for deleting information relating to the previous criminal allegations against Huntley, and also criticised Cambridgeshire Police for not following standard vetting guidelines. Both the Humberside and Cambridgeshire Police were heavily criticised for their failings in maintaining criminal intelligence records on Huntley. [236] Ilex x altaclerensis ‘Belgica Aurea’ - leaves are dark green with a yellow edge, about 10cm in length. It’s one of a group of robust hybrid hollies with larger leaves and berries.Although they were a besotted couple in public, Huntley was very possessive of Carr, and is known to have emotionally abused and/or physically assaulted her frequently, often culminating in Carr returning to live with her mother before Huntley persuaded her to return to live with him. [172] Furthermore, both Huntley and Carr are known to have conducted affairs throughout their relationship. [200] Noting how Carr often became flirtatious when she consumed alcohol, Huntley sought to minimise any opportunity for her to drink or otherwise socialise outside his presence for fear of her cheating on him with other males. [17] While Capp resided with her mother in Grimsby, she unofficially adopted the surname Benson. [195] She later legally changed her surname to Carr in an apparent effort to distance herself from her father. [191] Relationship [ edit ] By the second week of the children's disappearance, Huntley had begun to lose weight and was displaying visible symptoms of insomnia. [95] To one officer, he said: "You think I've done it? I was the last person to see them!" before beginning to weep. His erratic behaviour and apparent distress led to him being prescribed anti-depressants on 13 August. [96] Suspicions [ edit ]
Episode one charts the first 14 days of the girls' disappearance, the search parties and Huntley becoming a prime suspect. Carr's decision to corroborate Huntley's lies to investigators and media in the early stages of the police investigation briefly resulted in police discounting Huntley as a suspect before eyewitness accounts of Carr's whereabouts on 4 August and a search of mobile phone and telephone records proved the falsity of her claims. [94] The following evening, a jogger alerted police to two mounds of recently disturbed earth he had seen at Warren Hill, just outside Newmarket, which he speculated might have been the burial locations of the two girls. [48] An overnight examination revealed them to be badger setts. [49] Skeat, Walter William (2005). A Concise Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. Cosimo, Inc. p.244. ISBN 978-1-59605-092-1.Several of Capp's colleagues later remarked how they found her to be a distant and immature figure with few friends or hobbies. To one colleague, Capp would talk incessantly about her dreams of leaving this employment and embarking on a teaching career. [192]
Holly – more specifically the European holly, Ilex aquifolium – is commonly referenced at Christmas time, and is often referred to by the name Christ's thorn. [42] [43] In many Western Christian cultures, holly is a traditional Christmas decoration, [44] used especially in wreaths and illustrations, for instance on Christmas cards. Since medieval times the plant has carried a Christian symbolism, [45] as expressed in the traditional Christmas carol " The Holly and the Ivy", in which the holly represents Jesus and the ivy represents the Virgin Mary. [43] Angie Mostellar discusses the Christian use of holly at Christmas, stating that: [43] a b Review of Rivington, Sertum Ecclesiae, the Church's Flowers, from The Theologian and Ecclesiastic vol. vii, January to June 1849, pp. 198–200 Kellie P. Burris; Federico M. Harte; P. Michael Davidson; C. Neal Stewart Jr; Svetlana Zivanovic (2012). "Composition and bioactive properties of yerba mate ( Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.): A review". Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research. 72 (2): 268–274. doi: 10.4067/S0718-58392012000200016. Skeat, Walter William (1882). An etymological dictionary of the English language. Clarendon Press. p. 269.Huntley would later inform investigators that he had waited for nightfall before opting to drive to RAF Lakenheath to dispose of the girls' bodies. He further elaborated that a deciding factor to dispose of the bodies in this particular location had been that RAF Lakenheath was just two miles from the home of his disabled grandmother, and that if eyewitnesses spotted his vehicle, he could falsely claim his purpose for being in this vicinity had been his decision to visit his grandmother. [83] Ilex mucronata (L.) M.Powell, Savol., & S.Andrews – mountain holly, catberry (Eastern North America) Holly berries can cause vomiting and diarrhea. They are especially dangerous in cases involving accidental consumption by children attracted to the bright red berries. [30] Ingestion of over 20 berries may be fatal to children. [29] [30] The funeral services for Wells and Chapman were held on consecutive days in September 2002. Both services were held at St Andrew's parish church and officiated by Tim Alban Jones, and the girls are buried in graves near to each other in Soham's Fordham Road Cemetery, following ceremonies attended by only family and close friends. [84] At the request of both families, the media refrained from reporting on either service. [85] [86] Police investigation [ edit ]
RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p.1136. ISBN 978-1405332965. Ilex in Latin means the holm-oak or evergreen oak ( Quercus ilex). Despite the Linnaean classification of Ilex as holly, as late as the 19th century in Britain, the term Ilex was still being applied to the oak as well as the holly – possibly due to the superficial similarity of the leaves. [12] [13] The name "holly" in common speech refers to Ilex aquifolium, specifically stems with berries used in Christmas decoration. By extension, "holly" is also applied to the whole genus. The origin of the word "holly" is considered a reduced form of Old English hole(ġ)n, [14] Middle English Holin, later Hollen. [15] [16] Ilex mucronata, formerly the type species of Nemopanthus, is native to eastern North America. [23] Nemopanthus was treated as a separate genus with eight species. [24] of the family Aquifoliaceae, now transferred to Ilex on molecular data; [25] it is closely related to Ilex amelanchier. [26] At the urging of his father, Huntley joined the Air Training Corps at age 13. His activities with this youth organisation fuelled an interest he had held since childhood for aeroplanes, and he seriously considered a future career with the Royal Air Force. Huntley also developed a hobby of plane spotting. Via this hobby, he became familiar with the environs of RAF Lakenheath. [163] The Holly & the Ivy. Xmas Carol. Mrs. M. A. Clayton at Chipping Campden. Jan 13th 1909" (manuscript facsimile)The prosecution contended at Huntley's trial that a likely sexual motive existed for the murders. Testimony from Carr had indicated her suspicions sexual activity had occurred in their home in her absence as, although Huntley had insisted throughout their relationship that Carr perform all domestic chores, she noticed that he had washed the quilts, pillow cases and sheets of their bed in her absence. [14] Pathological evidence retrieved from the bodies indicating at least one of the girls had been subjected to a sexual assault either before or after her murder was not disclosed to the jury at Huntley's trial. The reason for this decision had been that both bodies were too extensively decomposed and damaged by fire to enable a conclusive determination of either the actual cause of death or if either girl had been subjected to a sexual assault. [17] An online book of condolence attracted more than 31,000 messages of grief and sympathy [80] and on 24 August, football clubs across Britain held a minute's silence before games. [81] Inquest [ edit ] Immediately after Huntley's conviction, previous criminal allegations against him were made public. These disclosures revealed that not only had police failed to pursue numerous previous criminal complaints of sexual offences against underage girls and young women by Huntley, but he had then secured a job in Soham allowing him access to children. [234] Yao, Xin; Tan, Yun-Hong; Liu, Ying-Ying; Song, Yu; Yang, Jun-Bo; Corlett, Richard T. (2016). "Chloroplast genome structure in Ilex (Aquifoliaceae)". Scientific Reports. 6: 28559. Bibcode: 2016NatSR...628559Y. doi: 10.1038/srep28559. PMC 4932625. PMID 27378489.
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